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BACKGROUND: Brain-awakening nasal sprayer is composed of many herbs,such as Chuanxiong and Shichangpu, which were regarded by "Shennong Bencaojing" as having the function of "preventing stroke in the brain".OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of free radicals and nitric oxide synthase in rat brain following focal ischemic-reperfusional injury due to brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention and compare with that due to classical nimodipine.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of internal medicine of a hospital affiliated to a traditional Chinese medical university.MATERIALS: Seventy adult male Wistar rats of clean grade, were randomly divided into seven groups: brain-awakening nasal sprayer of higher dosage group, moderate dosage group, lower dosage group, nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group, physical saline nasal sprayer group, menstruum nasal sprayer group, and sham operation group with 10 rats in each.METHODS: Focal brain ischemia-reperfusion model was established by blocking the left cerebral middle artery in rats of all the groups except sham operation group. Three days before model establishment and during reperfusion, rats were given different dosages of brain-awakening nasal sprayer composed of Chuanxiongqin and Shichangpu of 5.4, 2.7, 1.08 mg/(kg · d) and 1.35, 0. 54, 0.27 g/(kg· d), respectively, three times a day; which was replaced by physical saline and menstruum nasal sprayer of 0. 18 mL/ (kg · d),three times a day in physical saline nasal sprayer group and menstruum nasal sprayer group; rats in nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group received intraperitoneal injection of nimodipine by 0. 8 mg/(kg · d) twice a day. Rats in sham operation group were routinely raised. The content of prodialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase were measured with colorimetric method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of prodialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain following focal ischemic-reperfusional injury in groups of different dosage of brain-awakening nasal sprayer and other groups. ② Comparison between different dosage brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention groups and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group.RESULTS: Eight rats died during model establishment and the other 62 rats entered the results analysis. ① Content of prodialdehyde: It was significantly lower in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group [ (0.92 ± 0. 32), (0. 87 ± 0. 39)vs(1.35 ±0. 34) μmol/g, P ＜ 0.05], but there was no difference between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group. ② Activity of superoxide dismutase: It was obviously higher in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group[ (35.64 ± 11.67), (33.88 ± 7. 15) vs(20. 70 ± 3.88) NU/mg,P ＜ 0. 05 ], but no difference could be observed between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group. ③ Activity of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase: It was found obviously higher in higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group than in physical saline nasal sprayer group[ (4.64 ± 1.22), (5.00 ± 1.10) vs (3.08 ± 1.12) mkat/g, P ＜ 0.05], but no difference could be observed between higher dosage group and nimodipine intraperitoneal injection group.④ The activity of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase slightly increased while prodialdehyde slightly decreased in moderate dosage group,lower dosage group and menstruum nasal sprayer group, which did not differ significantly from physical saline nasal sprayer group.CONCLUSION: Brain-awakening nasal sprayer intervention exerts multiple effects such as preventing lipo-peroxidation following brain ischemic- reperfusional injury, in addition to suppressing prodialdehyde production, attenuating injury induced by free radicals and increasing nitric oxide synthase activity, thereby playing a similar role to nimodipine in protecting against brain ischemic-reperfusionaldamage
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【Objective】To investigate the therapeutic effect of Zhuyin Capsule(ZC)for the treatment of congestive heart failure(CHF).【Methods】Fifty SD rats were randomized into five groups: A(pseudo-operation),B(model),C(treated with hydrochlorothiazide 14.29?mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)),D(treated with ZC 0.26?g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1))and E(treated with ZC 0.51?g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)).Except group A,rat models of CHF were established in other groups.Thirty-five days after the modeling,groups C,D and E were treated with corresponding drugs according to the experimental design for 2 days.Cardiac function and the pathological features of heart,liver and lung were examined.【Results】The changes in group A were as follows: heart rate became fast,blood pressure decreased,left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP)increased,the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise(+dp/dt_(max))decreased,ventricular cavity became enlarged and the wall was thin,and there appeared myocardial fibrosis,congested liver and edema in pulmonary alveoli,indicating the success of CHF model.High-dose ZC could relieved the above changes(P0.05).【Conclusion】ZC can decrease the preload and afterload of the heart,and reduce the pathological changes of heart,liver and lung in CHF rats,which may be one of its therapeutic mechanisms.
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[Objective] To explore the protective mechanism of Naoxing Nasal Spray (NNS) on ischemic cerebral injury. [Methods] Seventy Wistar rats were randomized into 7 groups: high-dose NNS group (group A), moderate-dose NNS group (group B), low-dose NNS group (group C), nimodipine group (group D), model group (group E), solvent control group (group F) and pseudo-operation group (group G). Rat models of ischemia/reperfusion were established by blocking left middle cerebral artery. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-?) and interleukin 1? (IL-1?), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of superoxide dismustase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in brain homogenate were detected. [Results] NNS decreased the contents of MDA, TNF-? and IL-1?, and increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and NOS. [Conclusion] NNS has protective effect on ischemic cerebral injury by promoting the clearance of free radicals, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator and increasing the synthesis of NO and thus to reduce injury of free radicals, inhibit the local inflammatory reaction and improve cerebral blood perfusion.
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0.05) . NNS could decrease blood viscosity and hematocrit, inhibit the aggregation of erythrocytes and platelet and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH -Px). [Conclusion] NNS has an effect on AIS, which is similar to nimodipine. Its therapeutic mechanism may be related to the relief of cerebral ischemia by improving blood rheology and cerebral blood flow and protecting brain cells from injury by eliminating free radicals.
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ive] To observe the therapeutic effect of Naoxing Granule (NG) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to explore its mechanism. [Methods] Single-blind controlled trial was applied. Two hundred cases of AIS were randomly allocated to Group A (n = 150, treated with NG) and Group B (n = 50, treated with nimodipine). Therapeutic effect of NG was observed and plasma free radical levels and the ratio of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin 2 (PGI2) were detected. [Results] The total effective rate was 91.3%and 76.0% , and the remarkably effective rate was 62.0% and 46.0% in Group A and Group B respectively ( P
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To investigate the effects of Bushen Yixin Tablet (BYT) on plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) and sexual hormone in renal hypertension rats. Goldblatt's renal hypertension rat models were established. All rats were allocated to six groups: BYT groups (with high, moderate and low dosage of BYT respectively), captopril group, normal saline (NS) group and mimic-operation group. The treatment course lasted 4 weeks. Blood pressure was lowered in BYT groups (P
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0.05), and Naoxing Nasal Spray can improve blood rheology, increase cerebral blood flow, promote the removal of free radical, reduce lipid peroxidation, correct TXA 2/PGI 2 imbalance and counteract thrombus formation.
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Naoxing oral preparation has ho formed to be effective for ischemic stroke by preliminary clin-ical trial. To find a safe, efficient and convenient preparation Naoxing nasal spray was developed. Theeffect of Naoxing nasal spray on increasing hypoxic toleance of brain cells and improving blood circulationwas confirmed in this experiment. Twenty-eight guinea Pigs were randomly allocated to 4 groups: Group A(Naoxing nasal spray),Group B (ninodipine injection intraperitoneally), GrouP C (ligushazine injectionintrqperitoneally) and Group D(distilled water for nasal spray). After the medication for 4 days, acutecerebral ischemia was produced by the occlusion of bilatelal caretid arteries for 45 minutes. Serum NO lev-el,superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione superoxidase (GSH--Px) and lipid peroxide (LPO) levelsin cerebral tissue were detected. Ultrastructure of right hippocampus was oberved.The results showedthat NO, SOD, GSH-Px level in Group A is significantly higher and LPO level is significantly lower thanthere in Group D(P0.05).The damage of neuron, gliocyte and capillary under electron microscope was less thanGroup D,the differences being not significant as compared with Group B and C. It is concluded that theeffect of Naoxing nasal splay is as ed as ninodipine and ligustazine injection.
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Objective To study the effects of Naoxing Nasal Spray(NNS)on ultrastructure of brain tissues i n rats with focal cerebral ischemia -reperfusion inj ury(CIRI ).Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly all ocated to 6groups:Group A(treated with high dose of NNS ),Group B(treated with moderate dose of NNS),Group C(treated with low dose of NNS ),Group D(positive control group),Group E (treated with normal saline)and Group F (normal group).After medication for 3days,rat models of CIRI were established by the occlusion of left mid dle cerebral artery.Ultrastructur e of left fore-head cortical tissue was observed un der electron microscope after one -h our ischemia and 24-hour reperfusio n.Results The injury of neurons,gliocytes and capillaries in Group A and Group B was obviously milder than that in Group E and that in Group A was the mildest,the differences being not significant as compared with that in Group D.Conclusion NNS can reduce the ischemic damage of cerebr al cortex and obviously protect cere bral tissues in rats with CIRI.